Cleanroom accessories: Cleanroom wipes

Contents

When selecting cleanroom wipes, the person responsible for the cleanroom/hygiene should define the requirements for wipe quality and cleanliness themselves depending on the area of application and check them if necessary. The information and recommendations of the manufacturer/supplier can be used as a guide, but the cleanroom operator should carry out an individual check. VDI Guideline 2083 Sheet 9.2 provides good guidance here. It lists the requirements for the use of cleanroom wipes. Consumables cannot be assigned to an air cleanliness class, which is why the designation ISO 7 wipe is misleading.

What needs to be considered

The main area of application for wipes is cleaning, but they are also used as a carpet pad. If the wipes are used to remove contamination, the wipe material should not contaminate the process environment with impurities and particles. Wipes can have the following different properties:

  • Dry cloths
  • Pre-moistened or soaked cloths
  • Sterile wipes

Knitted wipes made of polyester or a polyester/polyamide blended fabric are particularly suitable for specific cleaning activities in cleanrooms and particularly sensitive surfaces or surfaces close to products.

If both high cleanliness and high liquid absorption are required, we recommend a double-layer polyester cloth. If you want to remove the smallest particles, a microfiber cloth is the first choice as a cleanroom cloth.

In addition to cleaning, wipes are also used in cleanrooms to disinfect surfaces. The aim here is to apply biocides and sporocides evenly. If too much biocide is used, streaks can remain and the wipe must be re-cleaned. If too little biocide is used, areas remain dry and germs can survive. Both are undesirable in cleanroom cleaning and can lead to expensive rework or downtime. This risk can be avoided by using pre-impregnated wipes, as uniform impregnation is guaranteed from the first to the last wipe (see below for a comparison).

The higher the cleanroom class, the higher the requirements for the cleanroom wipe

Cleanroom wipes are the most widely used cleaning consumables in cleanrooms. It is therefore logical that high demands are placed on this product. The wipes used must absorb contamination quickly and efficiently, but at the same time should release as few particles as possible or none at all. Unsuitable wipe qualities can release residues from cleaning agents and disinfectants and leave them on the surface to be cleaned.

Whether a cloth has a low particle emission depends on several factors:

  • Material
  • Processing
  • the surface to be cleaned

The mechanical load during cleaning removes fibers and particles from the cloth. A suitable cloth quality should therefore be selected. For particularly sensitive areas, there are wipes that are washed several times and packaged under cleanroom conditions. In addition, endotoxin evaluations are available for use in GMP areas to ensure that the wipe does not pose a risk. Low-outgassing wipes are available for special applications such as the assembly of satellites and/or optical lenses.

Knitted cleanroom wipes
Top left: Fleece; bottom right: Knitted fabric. Photomicrographs provided by Clearclean

Dry wipes - The most important properties

Particle release

The area of application determines the selection of a suitable wipe. Non-woven wipes cannot be washed after production and therefore contain a higher number of particles due to the production process. Knitted wipes are usually washed several times in cleanrooms after production and packaged in cleanroom-compatible packaging. These wipes are suitable for sensitive areas. When selecting a suitable wipe, the cutting technique used should also be taken into account, as this has an influence on the particle release of the finished packaged wipe. The following techniques are used:

  • Laser-cut edges (LE)
  • Heat-sealed edges (US)
  • Ultrasonically sealed edges (UB)

Special folding and wiping techniques are recommended to ensure that particles and fibers that remain on the edges of the cloth during the cutting process are not released.

Grammage

When selecting the right cleaning cloth, the grammage (g/m²) should also be taken into account. The unit of measurement g/m² indicates the weight in relation to the surface area. The properties of the different cloths can be traced back to this weight (e.g. absorbency, tear resistance, etc.). If different cloths are compared, the grammage should be taken into account, as this has an influence on the cloth properties.

Antistatic

When a cleanroom wipe is used dry, electrostatic charges can occur, e.g. due to friction. This can lead to damage in ESD areas, which is why a cleaning cloth used here should have antistatic properties.

Material

  • Microfiber: Microfiber is a yarn that consists of at least 10,000 meters with a weight of one gram. The special thing about microfiber is the large surface area, which means that many particles are retained. Microfiber cloths are used especially on sensitive surfaces.
  • Polyester: This is the most commonly used material as it is easy to process. It impresses with its robustness, but can only absorb a small amount of liquid (hydrophobic).
  • Cellulose: Compared to polyester, cellulose is very absorbent, but the individual fibers are more fragile and therefore release more particles. Cellulose is often processed into nonwoven fabric, which cannot be washed and therefore residues from production can be contained in the finished wipe (germs and bacteria can be killed by final sterilization, but are contained as particles in the wipe). Cellulose is therefore only suitable for cleanrooms to a limited extent.

Cloth sizes

The most frequently produced cloths are between 8 and 12 inches in size. The production of cloths in special sizes is possible on request.

Selection criteria at a glance

The following points are important when selecting cleanroom wipes:

  • Material of the surface to be cleaned (steel, glass, HPL, plastic, etc.)
  • Surface finish (smooth, rough, perforated)
  • Contamination to be removed (dry, moist, pasty)
  • Required chemical resistance
  • Desired size and shape
  • Delivery form (laid, folded C/Z-fold, number of pieces, packaging form)
  • Sterile, non-sterile
  • Fluid intake
  • Purity class (GMP, ISO)
  • ESD property

Due to the many influencing factors, we recommend testing the cleanroom wipes in question. We are happy to support you with our expertise during this test phase. Please contact us for samples. Various aspects must be taken into consideration when comparing and analyzing cleanroom wipes.

Selection criteria for the use of dry or pre-soaked wipes

Reproducibility

In many cleanroom applications, reproducibility is required. This means that similar processes can be carried out identically and thus a repeatable result can be achieved. When wipes are moistened, this would mean that each wipe must be equally moist or soaked (uniformly moist within the wipe and the same amount of liquid from wipe to wipe). This is difficult to achieve with manual moistening, e.g. by spraying, as the user is not a constant. The assessment of when a wipe is sufficiently saturated is at the discretion of the user and is therefore not reproducible. Pre-soaked wipes, on the other hand, offer uniform wetting of the liquid, which is also important for use in disinfection in order to achieve the required log level reduction.

To compare the different impregnations, you can place a soaked cloth on the surface for a defined period of time and continue cleaning after five minutes, for example. As a rule, most "cheap" cloths will already be dry and require the use of another fresh cloth; high-quality cloths pass this test with flying colors!

Avoidance of spray mist

Spraying for cleaning or disinfection should be avoided in the cleanroom for several reasons.

  • Spraying surfaces alone kills microorganisms, but residues such as dead cell material, proteins, cell membrane fragments (pyrogens), endotoxins and impurities continue to adhere to the sprayed surface.
  • The desired purity canonly be achieved through correct cleaning (= manual loosening and removal of impurities).
  • Aerosols are inevitably released when spraying agents. The more evenly the surface is to be wetted, the finer the spray mist must be, almost like a vapor. However, the smaller the aerosols, the more the particles (aerosol particles) float in the air. The laminar flow in the cleanroom means that the finest droplets are generally directed downwards in a targeted manner, which reduces the risk of adverse health effects, but cannot rule them out (a factor that should not be underestimated when using biocides or sporocides).
  • Another disadvantage is the risk of spray shadows, i.e. the formation of critical areas that cannot be reached by spraying alone.

Cleaning performance

Wiping with damp cloths is much more efficient than spraying alone. Dirt particles and microorganisms can be removed more effectively and employee protection is also increased. The cleaning performance also depends on the cloth properties and can be increased by selecting microfiber materials, for example.

Handling/ Infiltration

Dry cloths:

  • If used separately, dry wipes and disinfectant (e.g. in a spray bottle) must be introduced separately.
  • The process must be defined for each product and the packaging may need to be wipe-disinfected.
  • More waste is produced as spray bottles and wipe packaging have to be disposed of.
  • Workload: More time is required due to the impregnation to be carried out by the employee.

Pre-soaked cloths:

  • Only 1 product is needed to simplify the infeed and save time.
  • Environmental considerations (less packaging).
  • Efficiency: Pre-soaked wipes contain significantly more liquid than can be sprayed onto dry wipes in a short time (most spray bottles release around 1.0-1.5 ml of liquid in one burst - which would mean up to 20 sprays to achieve the same level of soaking). This means that cleaning/disinfection processes can be carried out more quickly and efficiently overall.
  • Logistics and storage space requirements: Only one product needs to be procured, qualified and stored.

Summary

The individual costs for dry sterile wipes, sterile disinfectant and additional labor are comparable to the procurement costs for pre-soaked wipes (often of higher quality and purity).

Nevertheless, there may be situations where the use of a soaked cloth is at a disadvantage compared to a spray bottle, namely in extremely hard-to-reach areas - even if these do not exist in the cleanroom. Here, spraying can be used as a supplement to achieve disinfection (killing of microorganisms) - however, it is not possible to achieve successful cleaning (absorption and removal of contamination).

Before making the final selection for wipes in the cleanroom, the requirements should be defined:

  • Cloth quality and material purity in terms of residual particle content and abrasion resistance
  • Cloth size
  • Agents and water quality (DI or WFI water, pharmaceutical water)
  • Desired packaging type and unit
  • Sterility, if applicable (required for A/B areas)
Cleanroom wipes made from non-woven material
Fleece cloth micrograph provided by Clearclean

Soaked cloths - the most important properties

Soaked wipes are used for cleaning and disinfection in cleanrooms. Wipes with isopropanol 70/30 certainly make up the largest proportion here, along with other agents. The quality of the liquid used (e.g. DI or WFI quality, germ filtration or sterility, endotoxin load, etc.) should be taken into account. Conformity with the EU Biocidal Products Directive is also an important feature.

Requirements for fabric quality and performance

If the wipe is used for disinfection, it should release liquid well and thus wet the surface evenly. The quality of the wipe, in particular the material and processing, any pre-treatment (decontamination), detectable residues, edge processing, the cleanroom class in which the wipes are packaged or filled, the packaging and sterility should be considered. Further information can be found here for dry wipes.

The following materials are frequently encountered:

  • Polypropylene (not knitted, "nonwoven")
  • Polyester/cellulose (not knitted, "nonwoven")
  • Polyester/polyamide microfiber fleece (not knitted, "nonwoven")
  • Polyester, also partly with other material components such as polyamide (knitted fabric)

It is important that the user defines his own process-dependent requirements for cloth quality and cleanliness depending on the area of application and checks them if necessary. The creation of a specification sheet is recommended here. Information and recommendations from manufacturers/suppliers can serve as a basis. However, individual validation should be carried out by the cleanroom operator.

Correct humidification

With manual moistening by spraying, it is obvious that not every cloth can be equally moist or soaked (evenly moist within the cloth, as well as the same amount of liquid from cloth to cloth). The user is a major variable in this case. The assessment of when a wipe is "moist enough" is always subjective and cannot be reproduced. Pre-soaked wipes, on the other hand, provide uniform and correct wetting of the liquid, which is important for achieving the desired germ reduction during disinfection.

Handling/intake

If used separately, dry wipes and disinfectant (e.g. in a spray bottle) must be introduced separately. The process must be defined for each product and the packaging may need to be pre-cleaned. As only one product needs to be introduced with pre-soaked wipes, this aspect is also advantageous. There are also no empty spray bottles that need to be disposed of, which is particularly positive in the case of high consumption. Process optimization can also be achieved outside of the cleanroom application areas. Only one product needs to be procured and qualified, and at the same time stock monitoring is only necessary for the impregnated wipe (instead of for the dry wipe and agent). A decisive advantage of ready-to-use wipes is the saving in working time and effort.

Pre-soaked wipes are removed from the pack, folded and can be used directly. Pre-soaked wipes often contain significantly more liquid than can be sprayed onto dry wipes in a short time. This means that the cleaning/disinfection processes can be carried out faster, more efficiently and more evenly. be carried out.

Packaging

There are various packaging options for pre-saturated wipes, which are also available on the market from different suppliers. Folded wipes, which can be removed quickly and easily, offer the most advantages for users. A strong adhesive flap makes them easy to reseal and prevents them from drying out so that the remaining wipes can be used for longer. An additional aluminum coating on the inside of the bag ensures diffusion-tightness (can be important for IPA or H2O2, for example).

Costs

The cost factor is of course an important point when deciding which product is best suited to your requirements. We at comprei are happy to provide you with our expertise to help you analyze the costs.

Areas of application

For many applications, the use of soaked cloths is an advantage over self-soaking and spraying. In hard-to-reach areas, it may also be necessary to work with a spray bottle (this kills the microorganisms). The removal of unwanted residues (=cleaning) does not take place here.

Summary

Before using pre-impregnated wipes in cleanrooms, the requirements should be defined. Essentially, these are

  • Ambient conditions of the use

    location (ISO/GMP cleanroom, cleanroom class)

  • The surface to be cleaned
  • Intended use (cleaning and/or disinfection)

These points have an influence on the factors to be considered:

  • Cloth quality and material purity in terms of residual particle content and abrasion resistance
  • Medium and water quality (DI or WFI water)
  • Desired packaging type and unit
  • Sterility (required for A/B areas)
  • Conformity with the EU Biocides Directive

Pre-soaked wipes offer these significant advantages over manual spraying and/or self-soaking, especially when used for disinfection in cleanrooms:

  • Validated product, safe processes thanks to uniform impregnation, with complete documentation
  • Easy insertion, hardly any preparation time
  • Ergonomic working with Ready2-Use products
  • Simple application, no pre-preparation, no spray mist (no aerosol formation for greater user protection)
  • Bag can be resealed after removal
  • Good economy, costs comparable to manual impregnation
Learning solutions for the pharmaceutical industry, GMP

Clean room cuboid

Realistic simulations and visualizations of activities make invisible connections visible. Learners experience their own impact in the cleanroom right in the middle of the action. They experience in-depth sensitization that becomes firmly anchored.